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Children of the Millennium’s Technical Notes outline the background thinking and methodology that support our work. This includes sample frame and attrition reports, thematic and country-focused literature reviews, reports on piloting and fieldwork, ethical and practical guidelines, etc. Other Technical Notes from other countries participating of the study can be found on the international web site of the study:
(http://www.younglives.org.uk/publications/technical-notes).
Technical Note 18
This report presents an initial analysis of some of the qualitative data collected in four of the 20 Young Lives sites in Peru between August and December 2007. Data collection was carried out with both cohorts of Young Lives children (the Younger Cohort are aged 5/6 and the Older Cohort are aged 11/13), as well as their caregivers, teachers, community representatives and other children. The sub-sample includes 51 children.
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Three overriding questions guided the qualitative research:
- What are the key transitions in children’s lives, how are they experienced and what influences these experiences?
- How is children’s well-being understood and evaluated by children, caregivers and other stakeholders?
- How do policies, programmes and services shape children’s transitions and wellbeing?
The qualitative research entailed a mix of methods to generate data on the themes of transitions, well-being and services, including individual interviews with children, caregivers and teachers, and group interviews with children (both cohorts), as well as with adults in the community. Creative methods such as drawing and neighborhood walks with the children were used as a basis for discussion of key research themes. Semi-structured observations of homes, schools and community settings provided the context for analyzing and understanding the data.
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Young Lives Qualitative Research: Round 1 |
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Technical Note 16
This document provides a broad context for the Young Lives research being done in Peru by
reviewing the academic literature, research findings, statistics and official documents
available. It was carried out by the Young Lives qualitative researchers, and thus privileges
the main areas to be explored by qualitative research in its first two rounds of data collection
(2007 and 2008). The document identifies gaps which the Young Lives research could fill and
areas of further investigation which the project could focus on. By examining the available
literature, it shows which areas have been covered thoroughly and which have not been the
specific focus of much research. It also briefly examines the extent to which this research has
influenced government policy, and whether this policy is effectively implemented.
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The main themes the review focuses on are children’s key transitions, their access to
services and their well-being. Transitions are defined as ‘key events and/or processes
occurring at specific periods or turning points during the life course’ (Vogler et al. 2008).
These include educational transitions, such as going from home or a pre-school setting to
primary school, and from primary to secondary school, experiences that Young Lives children
were undergoing at the time of survey and case study data collection (2006/7–2007/8
respectively). As the review makes clear, ‘transitions’ as such is not a topic which has been
studied much, and the information gathered on these transitions comes from a variety of
sources. The topic of ‘socialisation’, for example as well as related concepts such as life
cycle or life course, yielded interesting information about a variety of transitions, including
baptisms, indigenous traditions and integration into the wider community, as well as the
home–school transitions mentioned above. The availability, access and quality of services for
children and their families are examined in a variety of studies considered here, especially
those evaluating the functioning and results of such services. Finally, child well-being is
addressed, looking at general welfare indicators and some specific topics such as violence,
work, resilience and development.
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Childhood, Transitions and Well-being in Peru: A Literature Review |
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Infancia, transiciones y bienestar en el Perú: Una revisión bibliográfica |
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Technical Note 15
It presents the psychometric characteristics of three instruments used in the second round of questionnaire-based surveys in the Young Lives/ Niños del Milenio study to evaluate the cognitive development of two cohorts in four countries.
This Technical Note assesses the reliability and validity of each of the tests administered for the diverse linguistic groups within each country.
The level of reliability of the tests is calculated using Classic Test Theory and Item Response Theory. The degree of validity is obtained by estimating the correlation between each test score and come variables such as age and educational level.
The Technical Note does not make comparisons between the results of the four countries due to a series of methodological considerations discussed in the document. However, we suggest the particular results of the diverse groups within each country be analyzed.
(http://www.younglives.org.uk/publications/technical-notes) |
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Psychometric Characteristics of Cognitive Development and Achievement Instruments in Round 2 of Young Lives |
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Technical Note 8
The objective of this review is to describe the performance of key child development indicators in Peru between 1993 and 2005 and to link these results with findings from the recent literature on childhood poverty. The focus is on quantitative studies. Three dimensions of child development are reviewed: health and nutrition, schooling and child work. These topics are essential to understanding the persistence of poverty and childhood poverty in Peru and, as such, remain at the core of the debate on poverty alleviation.
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Childhood Poverty in Peru: An Annotated Literature Review |
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Technical Note 3
The objectives of this report are describe the first round sample and the sampling design of Young Lives in Peru, and to derive appropriate sampling weights needed to use the data. In addition, by comparing with nationally representative surveys that were carried out at the same time that the Young Lives sample was collected, we provide an assessment of potential biases in the Young Lives data. Finally, the comparison between the national census data and Young Lives allows us to suggest potential post stratification weights that may be used to adjust Young Lives sample estimates to a known population at national or regional level. The report examines how appropriate it is to use Young Lives sample averages without considering the sampling design. The finding of this analysis might also be applicable to the three other Young Lives countries. The comparison of Young Lives data to other datasets allows us to: (i) make Young Lives comparable with national surveys carried out in the country at specific periods; (ii) identify and characterise potential biases in the Young Lives sample; and (iii) evaluate scope for adjusting Young Lives sample estimates to known population figures through post-stratification.
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An Assessment of the Young Lives Sampling Approach in Peru |
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